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|||| Haiti
Held Hostage: International Responses to the Quest for Nationhood 1986–1996 |
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INFO |
 FULL
TITLE:
Haiti Held Hostage:
International Responses to the Quest for Nationhood 1986–1996
(Occasional Paper 23)
(note: also available in French as Haïti prise en otage: les Réponses
Internationales à la Recherche d'une Identité Nationale de
1986-1996)
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ABSTRACT |
| This study reviews international involvement in Haiti during the decade from 1986-1996. It divides those years into three periods: the immediate post-Duvalier years (February 1986-September 1991), military coup and rule (October 1991-September 1994), and reinstatement of democracy (September 1994-February 1996). For each of these periods, the varying international contribution to nationhood is analyzed. "Nationhood" is defined as the Haitian people's effort to shape political, economic, and social institutions that reflect its values and energize and benefit its citizenry. | |
| Haiti is somewhat different from other crises reviewed by the Project in that there was no civil war as such. Yet the situation had many of the same characteristics: massive population displacement, human rights abuses, a devastated economy, and a polarized population. International engagement also took forms normally reserved for countries experiencing civil wars: the imposition of international economic and military sanctions; an invasion of aid agencies, diplomats, conflict resolution experts, and international observers; and hot and cold media coverage. The report gives the key actors uneven marks. The international community is viewed as having positioned itself clearly against popular aspirations in the immediate post-Duvalier period; consolidated the hold of the military during the coup period; but responded more effectively to restore democracy and economic stability with and following the return of Aristide. | |
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The study was undertaken jointly with the UN University and includes a Foreword from its rector. Conducted in late 1995 and early 1996 by a seven-person team with a variety of backgrounds and specializations, the study drew on some 200 interviews in Haiti, Washington, New York, and southern Florida. The Occasional Paper is also available in French, as indicated above. A review of the study is found in Section 8, Selected Reviews of Project Publications.
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KEYWORDS |
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Humanitarian principles, human rights, enforcement, economic sanctions, international military forces, peacekeeping, sovereignty, regional organizations, coordination, institutional cultures, bilateralism, diaspora, relief-to-development continuum, reconstruction, quick impact projects, funding, elections, local institutions, civil society, the media; Haiti, Dominican Republic, United States, Canada; United Nations, UN Security Council, DPA, DPKO, IOM, OAS, MICIVIH, MINUHA, Operation Restore Hope, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, UNU, PAHO, CARICOM, European Community, ECHO, InterAmerican Development Bank, USAID, NGOs, Red Cross movement.
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-brown university | the
watson institute - -Tufts University | Feinstein International Famine Center - |
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